Why do women outlive men? (2024)

Around the world, women live longer than men [Ortiz-Ospina & Beltekian 2018]. This is true not only for humans, but also for many other mammalian species [Xirocostas et al. 2020]. The higher life expectancy of women is often attributed to the fact that women generally eat healthier and pay more attention to their health. On average, women visit the doctor earlier and more often than men, generally drink less alcohol, use less tobacco and pay more attention to a healthy diet [Griswold et al. 2018, Oksuzyan et al. 2014]. Life expectancy statistics also include suicide, which is significantly more common in men than in women [Kiely et al. 2019, Miranda-Mendizabal et al. 2019]. However, there may also be a genetic component that makes women live longer. The advantage for women may be the double X chromosome [Xirocostas et al. 2020]. While women have two X chromosomes, men have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. Important genetic information on the X chromosome is therefore duplicated in women and can compensate for possible gene mutations and defects on the other X chromosome.

This is not the case in men and is responsible, for example, for the colour blindness that is much more common in men. A key factor in ageing may be that the X chromosome also contains gene segments that influence the body's immune system [Libert et al. 2010]. If these gene segments are defective in men, they cannot be compensated for by a second, defect-free X chromosome. In addition to the different sex chromosomes, the influence of sex-specific hormones on the ageing process is also being discussed. For example, the hormone testosterone has been linked to risk-taking behaviour and an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in men [Roberts et al. 2004, Stanton et al. 2011].

More FAQs on ageing

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Why do women outlive men? (2024)

FAQs

What is the main reason women outlive men? ›

There are four main factors, including: Cardiovascular disease — Men are at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease and other related diseases, such as stroke. The double X chromosomes — Compared with men, women are less likely to develop conditions associated with genetic mutations, such as hemophilia.

What is the real reason women live longer than men? ›

Biological differences also help to explain women's higher longevity. Scientists believe that estrogen in women combats conditions such as heart disease by helping reduce circulatory levels of harmful cholesterol.

Why do wives outlive their husbands? ›

The higher life expectancy of women is often attributed to the fact that women generally eat healthier and pay more attention to their health. On average, women visit the doctor earlier and more often than men, generally drink less alcohol, use less tobacco and pay more attention to a healthy diet [Griswold et al.

What is one explanation for why women tend to have longer life expectancies than men? ›

Across the world, women tend to live longer than men for a variety of reasons, some biological—such as hormonal differences—and some behavioral. Women tend to visit doctors more frequently and are less likely to smoke and drink excessively, for example. That's been true in the U.S. for a long time.

Which gender is smartest? ›

Sex differences in human intelligence have long been a topic of debate among researchers and scholars. It is now recognized that there are no significant sex differences in average IQ, though particular subtypes of intelligence vary somewhat between sexes.

Why do females have a high life expectancy? ›

Hence, a major reason for women living longer than men is at the genetic level. And an obvious and major difference at the genetic level for women is that they have two X Chromosomes whereas men only have one X chromosome. The second major difference is in the hormones themselves.

What is walkaway wife husband syndrome? ›

Walkaway Spouse Syndrome, colloquially known as “neglected spouse syndrome,” unfolds when a spouse decide to part ways with their significant other without any prior warning, leaving a trail of unanswered questions. Why would a spouse opt for an abrupt divorce instead of exploring alternatives like couples therapy?

Which gender is more emotional? ›

Most researchers agree that women are more emotionally expressive, but not that they experience more emotions than men do.

Why do most wives leave their husbands? ›

The most common reason women give for leaving their husbands is "mental cruelty." When legal grounds for divorce are stated, about half report they have been emotionally abused. But the mental cruelty they describe is rarely the result of their husband's efforts to drive them crazy.

What body type lives the longest? ›

Even though BMI remains the go-to measurement of body health, research suggests that paying attention to waist measurements may be more accurate. Specifically, research into WHR points to why pear-shaped people tend to live longer than apple-shaped people, even if their overall weights and heights are comparable.

Which gender is the strongest? ›

While men are stronger when it comes to muscle strength, women are more powerful when it comes to endurance training.

Can a woman live without a man? ›

Many widows, divorcees and single women have succeeded despite all obstacles in either finding a man—or in learning to live without one.

Why do men not age as much as women? ›

Testosterone Supports the Development of Thicker Skin.

On the flip side, estrogen, a hormone typically present in much higher levels in women than men, can prompt collagen degradation. Because men have lower levels of estrogen, the decline in healthy collagen production tends to be less dramatic with age.

What are the causes of death for men vs women? ›

Heart disease accounted for 21.8% of deaths among females and 24.2% of deaths among males. Cancer accounted for 20.7% of deaths among females and 21.9% of deaths among males. Heart disease: females: 21.8%, males: 24.2%.

Which is linked to the fact that females tend to outlive males Quizlet? ›

Women have a longevity gene that men lack. The extra X chromosome may be associated with greater antibody production.

Why is life expectancy for women longer than for men Quizlet? ›

Biologically, women possess advantages such as genetic resilience and hormonal protection against conditions like heart disease. Behavioral differences contribute, with men more prone to risk-taking behaviors like smoking and reckless driving.

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