En écoutant le récit consacré à Jeanne d'Arc vous avez peut être eu envie d'en savoir plus sur la relation entre le roi Charles VII et la jeune bergère. Dans cet épisode bonus de"Au cœur de l'histoire", le spécialiste histoire Jean des Cars vous explique pourquoi le Dauphin, devenu roi grâce à elle, s’est montré aussi ingrat envers celle qui avait sauvé la France.
Pourquoi le Dauphin, devenu le roi Charles VII, s’est-il montré aussi ingrat envers celle qui avait sauvé la France et pourquoi il ne fit rien pour libérer Jeanne d'Arc de sa prison à Rouen et l’empêcher d’être brûlée vive ? L’explication remonte sans doute à son enfance. Né en 1403, cinquième fils de Charles VI et d’Isabeau de Bavière, il devient Dauphin en 1417, après la mort de tous ses frères aînés. Sa personnalité est chargée d’une lourde hérédité. En effet, son père, Charles VI, qui voulait gouverner personnellement, avait donné, à l’âge de 24 ans, des signes de démence. Mais ses retours intermittents à la raison empêchaient la constitution d’une véritable régence. Puis, les crises furent de plus en plus prolongées et violentes.
La France fut donc livrée à des luttes de deux partis, les Armagnacs et les Bourguignons. Les premiers étaient partisans du duc d’Orléans (au départ du moins), les seconds étaient favorables au duc de Bourgogne Jean Sans Peur. Dans les deux cas, il s’agissait de princes de sang français, cousins du roi de France.
Profitant de cette guerre civile, le jeune roi Henry V d’Angleterre reprit la guerre et remporta sur les Armagnacs la célèbre bataille d’Azincourt, le 25 octobre 1415. Cette victoire faisait de la Normandie une province anglaise.
Un prince perturbé et indolent
La France était en plein chaos. Pour le Dauphin, à cette terrible lutte franco-française dont profitait l’ennemi anglais, s’ajoutaient les rumeurs autour de sa mère, Isabeau de Bavière. Cette princesse allemande, devenue reine de France, a un comportement politique et privé ambigu. Elle est dépouillée de toute autorité par les Armagnacs et exilée à Tours. Puis, délivrée, elle s’installe à Troyes où elle constitue un gouvernement rival de celui de son fils aîné, le Dauphin. Ce dernier est déshérité par sa mère et déclaré bâtard.
Il y a de quoi perturber ce prince de 16 ans, déjà connu pour sa mollesse de caractère. Il est indolent. De plus, sa mère soutient le mariage d’une de ses filles, Catherine de Valois, avec Henry V d'Angleterre et fait reconnaître son gendre comme héritier du royaume de France à la place de son fils Charles.
Avant la reconquête du royaume par Jeanne d’Arc, le Dauphin n’est plus que le "petit roi de Bourges", puis de Chinon. Seuls le Centre, le Midi et quelques régions de l’Est lui sont fidèles. Même sacré et reconnu roi de France, il assiste passivement à cette restauration de son pouvoir.
La guerre, c’est Jeanne d’Arc et ses compagnons qui l’ont faite. La reconquête française, c’était encore Jeanne d’Arc. Et Charles VII était un tempérament à subir en permanence des influences, y compris celle de sa favorite Agnès Sorel. Un homme faible dont l’adolescence avait été trop violente pour ne pas espérer l’ordre et la paix. Le seul risque qu’il avait pris était de croire Jeanne d’Arc. En cela, il avait eu raison. Son règne fut une renaissance avec, grâce à Jacques Cœur, un essor commercial. Il laissera un royaume en bon état pour son fils, Louis XI.
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We know that the first suit of mail-the blanc harnoys made for her in Tours-had been left be her in the Abbey church of Saint-Denis after the failure of her attack on Paris, and its subsequent history is unknown. We are ignorant of what happen to her second suit of armour.
Against the advice of most of his counselors and generals, Charles granted her request, and Joan set off to fend off the Siege of Orléans in March of 1429 dressed in white armor and riding a white horse.
Misconception: Joan of Arc always dressed as a man. Truth: Joan dressed in men's clothing and armor when she was in battle or had to ride a horse. She dressed as a young woman the rest of the time. She didn't have anything against women's clothing.
Did Joan of Arc actually fight? Yes, she led the French army of Charles VII in many battles in the Hundred Years War like Patay and Orleans. She also was trying to free Paris before being captured. She was even wounded by an arrow at Orleans.
Since she was burnt at the stake there weren't many remains. Her heart and intestines remained after the first burning - not miraculously but because of high water content - something familiar to forensic investigators. The surviving bits were re-incinerated twice and the ashes thrown into the Seine.
Joan of Arc is a national heroine of France. She was a peasant girl who, believing that she was acting under divine guidance, led the French army in a momentous victory at Orléans in 1429 that repulsed an English attempt to conquer France during the Hundred Years' War.
A friend of Joan recalled 25 years after her death that she was, “So far as I could judge, an excellent Catholic, and a modest woman: she communicated often, and, at sight of the Body of Christ, shed many tears.
Every description of Jeanne's hair was that it was short and black. Her hair had been short-cropped all around, just above the ears, similar to the [pudding-basin] hairstyle of contemporary, fashionable men. She also kept her hair cut short through her military campaigns and while in prison.
Because of Mark Twain's antipathy to institutional religion, one might expect an anti-Catholic bias toward Joan or at least toward the bishops and theologians who condemned her. Instead one finds a remarkably accurate biography of the life and mission of Joan of Arc told by one of this country's greatest storytellers.
All the available evidence shows that Joan only spoke one language: French. Other than that, she says that she knew how to say her prayers in Latin, but even then it's debatable if she even knew what the words meant. Otherwise, she was monolingual.
Joan of Arc (1412–1431) was formally canonized as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church on 16 May 1920 by Pope Benedict XV in his bull Divina disponente, which concluded the canonization process that the Sacred Congregation of Rites instigated after a petition of 1869 of the French Catholic hierarchy.
Joan of Arc went on to live a modest life as a musician in the court of King Charles, and through royal proximity, gained the necessary titles to mother three sons who would go on to become a pope, a king, and an emperor, though she never married.
Answer and Explanation: Joan of Arc would have eaten a common diet as a medieval peasant girl. The diet would have consisted mainly of vegetables such as cabbage, spinach, onions and leeks. Breads made of rye and wheat would have accompanied butter or cheeses as a staple in meals.
Some of her relics were allegedly preserved, but what purported to be her banner was burned during the French Revolution. (Jean Pasquerel – chaplain and confessor of Jeanne).
The king ordered the army to take back the city of Orléans, accompanied by 17-year-old Joan. She cropped her hair short like a man's, donned a suit of white armor, and successfully helped French troops to victory in March 1429, even after being wounded in battle.
Though remembered as a fearless warrior and considered a heroine of the Hundred Years' War between France and England, Joan never actually fought in battle or killed an opponent. Instead, she would accompany her men as a sort of inspirational mascot, brandishing her banner in place of a weapon.
Divine revelation had told her it would be there and that by means of the sword she would expel the enemies of France and lead the king to be anointed and crowned in the city of Reims. For Chartier, Joan's victories came from her possession of the sword.
Introduction: My name is Stevie Stamm, I am a colorful, sparkling, splendid, vast, open, hilarious, tender person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.
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