já - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (2024)

Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Czech jáz, from Proto-Slavic *azъ, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵHóm.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): [ˈjaː]

• audio

  (file)

Pronoun[edit]

já (first person)

1. I

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

ján (indeclinable)

1. (psychoanalysis) ego

   Synonym: ego

See also[edit]

• nadján
• onon

Further reading[edit]

• já in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• já in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• já in Internetová jazyková příručka

Icelandic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse já (“yes”), Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes”).

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /jauː/
• Rhymes: -auː

Adverb[edit]

já

1. yes

Synonyms[edit]

• jamm (informal)
• jahá (informal, joyful)

Interjection[edit]

já

1. (informal) yes (as an exclamation of joy or excitement)

Synonyms[edit]

• jess (informal)
• jei (informal)
• jahá (informal)

Inari Sami[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *jahw.

Conjunction[edit]

já

1. and

Further reading[edit]

• Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[1], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Indo-Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Portuguese já (“already; now”), from Old Galician-Portuguese ja, from Latin iam (“already”), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”).

Particle[edit]

já

1. used in conjunction with the past tense

   • 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:

     Já fallou par su pai aquêl mais piquin, […]

     The youngest one told his father, […]

Khiamniungan Naga[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /tʃɑ⁵⁵/

• Audio (KN)

  (file)

Verb[edit]

já

1. (Patsho) connect, attach, link

   Kheunyoh nüko meikü ja-i kü noi naih, alumtshouko asheu nü epje.

   Through proper connection with people brings positive results.

Macanese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• jâ

Etymology[edit]

From Indo-Portuguese já, from Portuguese já (“already; now”), from Old Galician-Portuguese ja, from Latin iam (“already”), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”). Semantically, compare Chavacano ya.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa/

Particle[edit]

já

1. past tense marker; marks that an event has reached completion

   Iou já falâ ― I spoke

   Vôs já uví? ― Have you heard?

   Atútu já vêm di América ― Artur returned from America

   Já têm-ia! ― I've got it!

Usage notes[edit]

• Placing já before a verb in the past tense is optional.
• Past tense (or any other tense) may not necessarily be marked using já; verb tense is present by default but may have to be inferred through context, a feature possibly influenced by Cantonese grammar.

Conjunction[edit]

já … já

1. sometimes … sometimes

   Já churâ, já rí ― Sometimes laughing, sometimes crying

References[edit]

• https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm

Masurian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): [ˈjɒ]
• Syllabification: já

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish ja.

Pronoun[edit]

já

1. first-person pronoun; I

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from German jo.

Particle[edit]

já

1. yeah, yep

Further reading[edit]

• Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2024) “ja”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur‎^[2], volume 3, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, pages 53-54

Northern Sami[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈjaː/

Adverb[edit]

já

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Further reading[edit]

• Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[3], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Old Norse[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes”).

Adverb[edit]

já

1. yes

Interjection[edit]

já

1. (informal) yes (as an exclamation of joy or excitement)

Descendants[edit]

• Icelandic: já
• Faroese: ja
• Norwegian Nynorsk: ja
• Norwegian Bokmål: ja
• Old Swedish: iā
  • Swedish: ja
• Danish: ja, jo

Portuguese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• ja (obsolete)
• jah (Internet slang)

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese ja, from Latin iam (“already”), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”). Cognate with French jà/déjà, Italian già, and Spanish ya.

Pronunciation[edit]

• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: já

Adverb[edit]

já (not comparable)

2. (usually preceding verbs in the past tense) already (indicating that something has happened before)

   Já li esse livro.

   I have already read this book.

4. (usually following verbs in the present tense) now (at this instant)

   Synonym: agora

   Consigo fazer isso já.

   I can do this right now.

   Compre já!

   Buy now!

6. (in negative sentences, preceding the adverb não) any more; any longer

   Synonym: mais

   Eu já não leio mais muitos livros.

   I don’t read many books any more.

8. (usually preceding verbs in the present tense) in a minute; soon

   Synonyms: logo; já, já

   Não me apresse, eu já faço isso.

   Don’t rush me, I will do this in a minute.

10. (preceding noun phrases) on the other hand, however

    Synonyms: por outro lado, no entanto

    Gosto de ler, já a minha mãe não lê nem as notícias.

    I enjoy reading, my mother, on the other hand, doesn’t even read the news.

11. (preceding a verb in the passive participle) ever

    O melhor bolo já feito

    The best cake ever made

Usage notes[edit]

In Portuguese, já is said more frequently than the English equivalents. It is sometimes left untranslated altogether.

Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:já.

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

• Angolar: dha
• Annobonese: za
• Guinea-Bissau Creole: dja
• Indo-Portuguese: já
• Kabuverdianu: dja
• Korlai Creole Portuguese: ja, ya
• Macanese: já
• Kristang: jah
• Principense: za
• Sãotomense: za

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