Computational thinking, what it is, phases and characteristics (2024)

In the current digital age, computational thinking stands as a vital cognitive skill.

It refers to the ability to solve problems and tackle challenges using approaches similar to those applied in programming and computing.

In this article, we’ll delve into the intricacies of computational thinking, the phases that comprise it, the defining traits that characterize it, and we’ll provide illustrative examples of its application.

What is Computational Thinking?

Computational thinking involves breaking down complex problems into smaller, more manageable parts.

Think of it as disassembling a puzzle to understand how the pieces fit together. This skill enables you to address any problem, not just tech-related ones, in a structured and logical manner.

Computational thinking promotes step-by-step problem-solving and identifying patterns to arrive at efficient solutions.

While the definition might make it seem recent, it’s not a new concept. Its roots can be traced back to the beginnings of computing and programming.

As technology advanced, the foundations of computational thinking were laid, although it wasn’t referred to as such at the time. Computing pioneers like Alan Turing, Claude Shannon, and Grace Hopper established the groundwork for logical and algorithmic approaches to problem-solving.

Over time, computational thinking expanded beyond programming boundaries and began to be applied across various disciplines.

As computers became more accessible, people started adopting computational approaches to address everyday life, science, engineering, and more.

Phases of Computational Thinking

Computational thinking is broken down into several phases that facilitate problem-solving:

1. Problem Identification

The first phase involves clearly defining the problem that needs to be solved. This includes understanding the requirements, limitations, and goals of the problem at hand.

2. Decomposition

In this stage, the problem is broken down into smaller, more manageable subproblems. Each subproblem is addressed separately to avoid feeling overwhelmed by the complexity of the main problem.

3. Pattern Recognition

Pattern recognition involves identifying similarities or regularities within the subproblems. This phase allows for discovering general approaches that can be applied to various aspects of the problem.

4. Abstraction

Abstraction entails removing unnecessary details and focusing on the fundamental aspects of the problem. This helps simplify the resolution process by highlighting what truly matters.

5. Algorithms

During this phase, algorithms or organized sets of logical steps that lead to the solution of each subproblem are developed. Algorithms are like recipes that guide you through the resolution process.

6. Evaluation and Refinement

After applying the algorithms, the obtained solutions are evaluated and refined if necessary. This phase ensures that the solutions are effective and efficient.

Key Traits of Computational Thinking

The following factors characterize computational thinking:

• Systematic Approach: It adopts a step-by-step and organized approach to address problems, facilitating the effective resolution of complex tasks.

• Pattern Utilization: Identifying patterns in problems and solutions enables the application of proven solutions to similar situations.

• Detail Abstraction: The ability to abstract unnecessary details allows focusing on the essential aspects of a problem, simplifying its resolution.

• Algorithmic Thinking: Computational thinking involves designing algorithms, which are ordered sequences of logical steps, to solve problems.

• Structured Creativity: While rooted in logic and structure, computational thinking allows for creative problem-solving, finding unique solutions to diverse challenges.

Examples of Computational Thinking in Action

Computational thinking is applied in various scenarios, many of which are unrelated to technology or computing:

• Mathematical Problem Solving: When facing complex mathematical problems, computational thinking helps break them down into logical steps and use patterns to find solutions.

• Algorithm Design: Programmers use computational thinking to create efficient algorithms that solve specific tasks, such as sorting data lists or searching databases.

• Task Automation: In process automation, computational thinking is employed to design automated workflows that save time and reduce errors.

• Everyday Problem Solving: Even in daily life, computational thinking can help address complex problems, such as planning optimized travel routes or efficiently managing household tasks.

• Business Optimization: Entrepreneurs and business analysts leverage computational thinking to optimize operations, streamline processes, and make informed decisions based on data analysis.

• Medical Diagnosis: Medical professionals utilize computational thinking to analyze complex medical data, identify patterns, and aid in diagnosing diseases or conditions.

• Environmental Modeling: Environmental scientists employ computational thinking to develop models that simulate ecological systems, helping predict the impact of various factors on the environment.

• Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI specialists utilize computational thinking to create algorithms that enable machines to learn from data, recognize patterns, and make intelligent decisions.

• Cybersecurity: Cybersecurity experts employ computational thinking to detect anomalies in network traffic, identify potential threats, and develop strategies to safeguard digital assets.

• Digital Art: Digital artists apply computational thinking to create intricate visual designs, simulations, and animations, often requiring the manipulation of complex algorithms.

• Language Processing: Linguists and developers use computational thinking to design natural language processing algorithms that enable machines to understand and generate human language.

• Financial Analysis: Analysts use computational thinking to model complex financial scenarios, perform risk assessments, and make informed investment decisions.

• Genomic Sequencing: Geneticists harness computational thinking to analyze vast amounts of genetic data, identify genetic variations, and uncover insights into diseases and inheritance.

• Transportation Planning: Urban planners use computational thinking to optimize transportation routes, manage traffic flow, and design efficient public transportation systems.

These examples underscore the pervasive influence of computational thinking across a broad spectrum of industries and applications, showcasing its ability to enhance problem-solving and innovation.

Computational Thinking in Education

Computational thinking has become crucial in modern education. As technology becomes increasingly integrated into classrooms, the importance of teaching students skills that go beyond rote memorization is recognized.

It’s a valuable tool that promotes critical thinking, problem-solving, and structured creativity—essential skills in a constantly evolving world.

Schools and educators are incorporating computational thinking into curricula to prepare students for 21st-century challenges. Teaching decomposition, pattern recognition, and abstraction fosters an analytical mindset that can be applied in various situations.

While it extends beyond the technological realm, computational thinking is frequently seen in the edtech sector. At Smowltech, we firmly believe that technology enhances people’s lives through education.

That’s why we develop proctoring plans that help create reliable environments for the increasingly common digital educational and corporate ecosystems.

If you want to experience the benefits that proctoring technology can bring to your institution, we invite you to request a free demo of our tool.